Set up based on scope, major objectives, and primary requirements of the digitisation and modelling process established by the involved stakeholders. Efficient management and enhanced significance of the whole process can be achieved by customizing project and data requirements, allocating resources, and establishing collaborative protocols. Established best practices include the BIM framework (e.g., agreeing on Exchange Information Requirements (EIR), draft and implementing Building Execution Plan (BEP), and Information Exchange Protocols (IEP)).

Common activities of planning and management include:

- Establish the main objectives of the heritage digitisation (e.g., documentation, research, management, restoration planning) considering legal constraints and compliance requirements on assets.

- Establish information requirements, including:
    - level of information need (LOIN) or level of development (LOD) for the 3D model
    - data categories (e.g., historical documentation, site surveys, conservation state analysis, environmental monitoring data)
    - data types and file formats (e.g., IFC, CSV, PDF)
    - data security
    - standards (e.g., ISO 19650) and metadata schemas (e.g., CIDOC CRM, Ao-Cat) for interoperability
    - milestones and deliverables

- Draft and implement the execution plans and information protocols, including:
    - Roles and responsibilities (e.g., survey specialists, historians, BIM modellers, researchers, data managers, BIM coordinators)
    - Communication and information exchange protocols (e.g., online repositories, naming conventions, version control)
    - Checks for quality, progress track and ensure alignment with objectives
    - Collaboration tools

### Outputs / Deliverables
- Information requirements (e.g., project information requirements, EIR)
- Execution plans (e.g., project execution plan, BEP)
- Project management documentation (e.g., charts, diagrams, reports)
- Information Exchange Matrix
- Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
- Heritage Asset Information Requirements (AIR)
- Organisation Information Requirements (OIR)

Gather relevant information and data on the heritage asset according to the requirements established in step 1 of this workflow. Collection of legal, regulatory, historical, geographical, environmental, social, structural, and material related information is recommended. Collection of geospatial and geometric survey data on the asset is mandatory.

Relevant data, according to information requirements (step 1), should be collected in open standard file formats (e.g., PDF, CSV, JSON, JPEG, TIFF) or processed (step 3), structured and archived in an accessible, secure and frequently updated repository (e.g., PIDs, structured databases, metadata tags).
Absent, purpose specific, relevant data should be acquired (e.g., GIS, materials, structural, and environmental data), especially, digital survey data (on-site survey and reality capture, using either 3D laser scanning or photogrammetry).
Each method used for data collection is expected to follow its own specific workflow, depending on system and information requirements, data sources, object of analysis (e.g., products function, materials properties), and resources (e.g., standards, equipment, software). Examples of basic workflows for geometric survey can be found under the related items.

Preliminary checks for completeness and reporting on data quality should be done, according to the requirements established in step 1. Data processing (step 3) for assuring specified data quality and interoperability (step 1) may be required before data archiving.
A shared data environment is recommended for managing and linking information from various sources to facilitate collaborative work and improve interoperability (e.g., Common Data Environment - CDE in BIM).
Apply naming conventions to all source files and folders.
Populate a central repository with raw data and metadata. Data management documentation should be kept updated.

### Outputs / Deliverables

- Records of data, after quality checks, in open standard file formats (including raw point clouds or raw photogrammetry data, and significant data, as required in step 1, such as, historical, geographical, environmental, social, structural, and material related data)
- Data annotations and structured data
- Interoperable data
- Accessible and secure data
- Preliminary data quality reports
- Data management documentation

Process and transform the collected data on step 2, according to data requirements and quality (steps 1 and 2). Different operations, such as cleaning, validation, transformation, enrichment and analysis may be included depending on the data characteristics. Data validation (step 3), harmonization (steps 2 and 3), and storage (step 2) are primary requirements for the seamless integration of multidisciplinary data in step 4.

- Store processed data in the central repository
- Data harmonisation and naming convention report
- Validation report (data quality and completeness)

Unvalidated or poor-quality data should be processed according to the established information requirements (step 1). Some data should also be transformed to streamline 3D-HBIM modelling and enrichment (step 4) using harmonized and interoperable data. Cleaning and merging of point cloud data, improved quality of textured 3D meshes, and related data transformation, assuring the use of consistent coordinate references, are processing stages especially decisive for this broad 3D-HBIM workflow. Examples of basic workflows for 3D data processing can be found under the related items tab.

### Outputs / Deliverables

- Analysed, transformed, and validated data
- Harmonised data and files with standard and open formats (for enhanced interoperability)
- Data processing documentation
- Interoperability strategy report
- LOD Object Matrix
- Model development report

Create a 3D object-oriented parametric model hierarchically structured and linked to the heritage asset's components or spaces. Enrich the model with harmonized multidisciplinary data (step 3). Includes model creation, enrichment, and validation (step 1). 3D-HBIM modelled elements should adhere to Industry Foundation Class (IFC) open standards for maximum interoperability.

Specific issues should be specially addressed in the 3D-HBIM modelling, such as, common harmonised modelling rules, the information requirements (e.g., LOD, LOIN, standards for information management and data exchange) and data specificities, related with significant addressed categories, for model enhancement purposes.
For model enrichment with multidisciplinary data (e.g., structural data, material properties, historical events, conservation state analysis) collected (step 2), processed (step 3) and validated (step 1) is possible to link, embed or import data to the 3D-HBIM model ensuring compatibility with IFC data schema.
HBIM model validation and quality control should contribute to ensure enhanced outputs, including clash detection or geometry checks to identify inconsistencies, metadata validation (e.g., element categories, naming), and export tests (e.g., standard IDS - Information Delivery Specification, [buildingSMART IFC validation system](https://www.buildingsmart.org/users/services/ifc-validation-service/) ). Examples of basic workflows for BIM modelling are available at [buildingSMART International website](https://www.buildingsmart.org/clarifying-the-openbim-workflow/).

### Outputs / Deliverables

- Basic BIM model in open file format (.ifc)
- Documentation of modelling process
- Raw data acquisition reports for long‑term preservation
- Quality assurance report
- Drawings & documentation package

Publish and share the outputs (of steps 2, 3 and 4), particularly the enriched 3D-HBIM model (step 4). The significance and impact of structured information are enhanced by its various potential applications, including heritage preservation and research across different fields of knowledge, such as exemplified by the ATRIUM project and its demonstrators.

For publishing, it is recommended to adhere to the FAIR principles. These include using open standard file formats (.IFC) and persistent identifiers (e.g., DOIs) to enhance findability and ensure long-term interoperability, open licences for enabling reuse, and open or accessible and secure data repositories.
The repository selection should account for best data management and information system practices, as compliance with relevant standards (e.g., ISO 14721 - OAIS reference model), including comprehensive documentation, security, and integrity. Provision or support for 3D viewers from web-based solutions (e.g., XeoKit), for interactive 3D-HBIM previews and exploration, is also advisable.
Improved impact should result from freely sharing data and relevant findings with stakeholders and the heritage community (e.g., via demonstrators, presentations, webinars, or conferences) and by inviting user interactions for data reusability feedback and collaboration.

### Outputs / Deliverables

- Published 3D-HBIM enriched model
- Demonstrators
- Dissemination materials (e.g., presentations, open-access articles)

Kristis Alexandrou

Maria João Correia

Georgios Artopoulos

António Santos Silva

Sílvia Pereira

Dora Roque

Paula Couto

Carlos Serra

Maria João Henriques

The 3D-HBIM workflow provides a comprehensive approach for the 3D geometric and parametric modelling of built heritage, and subsequent enrichment with data related to asset contexts, environments, materials, and history. It contributes for structuring and enhancing the value of information for integrated, multidisciplinary, and cross-sectoral collaboration on built heritage preservation. It recommends the use of accessible open science practices, standards, services, and tools for streamlining the process of built heritage digitisation, modelling, and sharing.

### Requirements

- Open science engagement (e.g., use of open standards and metadata schemas for improving data and models interoperability)
- Accessible, open‑source services and tools

### Implementation

Use of open standards and testing of free tools and services for built heritage advanced digitisation, integrating reality capture, scan-to-BIM, and multidisciplinary structured information aggregation. It includes data FAIRness (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) enhancement, geometric modelling and enrichment, and consolidated digital representation of built heritage.

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3D-HBIM workflow

Requirements

Implementation

Media

Related items(2)

xeokit SDK

3D Digital Representations of Heritage Assets

Workflow steps(5)

1 Planning and Management

2 Data Collection

3 Data Processing

4 3D HBIM Modelling and Enrichment

5 Publishing